Water Hammer Suppression Tank Absorb Pressure Surges And Protect Pipeline Safety

The Water Hammer Effect, also known as hydraulic shock, is a phenomenon in fluid dynamics that occurs when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly. This abrupt change in flow velocity results in a pressure surge or wave within the pipe, which can cause significant pressure fluctuations. These pressure waves propagate through the fluid and can lead to various problems, including pipe damage, leaks, and even burst pipes.

Causes of Water Hammer

Rapid Valve Closure or Opening:When a valve is closed or opened quickly, it causes a sudden change in the fluid flow, generating a pressure wave.

Pump Start-up or Shutdown:The sudden starting or stopping of a pump can create a rapid change in flow velocity, leading to water hammer.

Sudden Flow Rate Change:Rapid changes in flow rates, such as those caused by equipment switching on or off, can induce water hammer.

Air in the Pipe: Air trapped in the pipes can be compressed and then rapidly expanded, creating pressure waves.

Water hammer suppression tank, also known as water hammer arrestors or surge tanks, are designed to absorb pressure surges in pipelines and protect the system from the damaging effects of water hammer. They work by providing a cushioning effect that mitigates the sudden pressure spikes caused by rapid changes in fluid velocity.

Mechanism of Water Hammer Suppression Tank

1. Pressure Absorption:When a sudden pressure surge occurs, the suppression tank absorbs the excess pressure. The tank typically contains a gas (usually air or nitrogen) or a flexible membrane that compresses under the pressure spike, thus reducing the impact on the pipeline.

2. Energy Dissipation:The tank dissipates the kinetic energy of the moving fluid by converting it into potential energy stored in the compressed gas or the deformation of the membrane. This reduces the intensity of the pressure wave propagating through the pipeline.

3. Gradual Pressure Release:After absorbing the initial shock, the suppression tank gradually releases the pressure back into the system. This controlled release helps to stabilize the pressure in the pipeline, preventing secondary surges and oscillations.

Types of Water Hammer Suppression Tank

1. Bladder Tank:These tanks have a flexible bladder or diaphragm that separates the fluid from the gas. When a pressure surge occurs, the bladder compresses, allowing the gas to absorb the shock.

2. Piston Tank:Piston tanks use a piston to separate the gas from the fluid. The piston moves in response to pressure changes, compressing the gas and absorbing the surge.

3. Surge Tank:Surge tanks are large, vertical tanks connected to the pipeline. They provide a buffer volume where excess fluid can flow during a pressure surge, thus reducing the pressure spike.

Benefits of Using Water Hammer Suppression Tank

1. Pipeline Protection:By absorbing and dissipating pressure surges, suppression tanks prevent damage to the pipeline and its components, such as valves, fittings, and joints.

2. System Longevity: Reducing the occurrence and severity of water hammer events extends the lifespan of the pipeline system and its components.

3. Noise Reduction:Suppression tanks help to eliminate the loud banging noises associated with water hammer, improving the overall operational environment.

4. Operational Stability:By maintaining stable pressure levels, suppression tanks enhance the reliability and efficiency of the fluid system, reducing the likelihood of unexpected shutdowns and maintenance issues.

Installation and Maintenance

Proper Sizing and Placement:The effectiveness of a suppression tank depends on proper sizing and strategic placement within the pipeline system. It should be installed near potential sources of water hammer, such as pumps and control valves.

Regular Maintenance:Regular inspection and maintenance of the suppression tanks are essential to ensure they function correctly. This includes checking for gas leaks, inspecting the condition of the bladder or piston, and ensuring the tank is free from corrosion or damage.

Conclusion

Water hammer suppression tank play a crucial role in protecting pipeline systems from the destructive effects of water hammer. By absorbing and dissipating pressure surges, these tanks enhance the safety, reliability, and longevity of the pipeline infrastructure. Proper installation, sizing, and maintenance of suppression tanks are essential to maximize their effectiveness in mitigating water hammer events.